Functions

Functions of English(8):


Expressing Opinion
Giving Opinion: Asking for Opinion:                               
  • In my opinion...............
  • It seems to me that..........
  • To be honest................
  • Personaly speaking.......
  • As far as I am concerned, I...............
  • What's your opinion?
  • What do you think?
  • Are for or against?
  • Do you think that....?



 Functions in Context
       Asking for Opinion:
  • · I was wondering where you stood on the question of immigration?
  • · What's your position on global warming?
  • · What's your opinion of the project?
  • · What do you think of love?
  • · How do you feel about building a space prison for dangerous criminals?  
  • Giving Opinion
  • · In my opinion the consequences of global warming will be fatal.
  • · As far as I'm concerned love is the noblest feeling.
  • · From my point of view, poverty could be fought with solidarity.
  • · As I see it, our planet is dying.
  • · I think / reckon / presume / gather it will get worse with time.
  • · In my view immigration is caused by unemployment.
  • · It would seem to me that technologies will control us sooner or later.
  • · It seems to me that democracy is the solution for developing countries.
  • · I feel the world is getting wilder than ever before.
  • · I believe politics should be more human...
  • · I figure that we are doomed to protect our planet before it is too late.
  • · To my mind cloning should be restricted.
  • · According to me Euthanasia should be banned.
  • · What I think / mean / believe is that developed countries are selfish.
  • · I mean that they don't try to help poor countries.
  • · I may venture that they are extremely sadist.
  • · As for me they like to be at top of the world.




Functions of English(7):

Certainty
Expressing Certainty    Expressing  Uncertainty                                      
  • It must be ……………….
  • I am certain
  • I am sure
  • I do believe that …………………….
  • Certainly / undoubtedl
  • I am not certain
  • I am not sure
  • I am doubtful
  • Doubtedly / probably




Functions of English(6):

Advice النصيحة
Asking for Advice: Giving Advice:                                          
  • What should I do ?
  • What do you think I should do ?
  • What would you do if you were in my place?
  • If I were you , I would………….
  • You should……………….
  • You ought to ………………….
  • I don’t think you should ………….


 Functions in Context
       Random Examples:
  • If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this old computer.
  • Why don't you stay at home and watch TV?
  • You'd better go to bed early.
  • You ought to revise your lessons regularly.
  • If you take my advice, you'll tell your parents the truth.
  • You should drive slowly in town.
  • It might be a good idea to put on your coat. It's cold outside.
  • You should consider taking the keys before you leave.

       Declining Giving Advice:
  • I don't know what to advise, I'm afraid.
  • I wish I could suggest something, but I can't.
  • I wish I could help.
  • I'm afraid I can't really help you. I have the same problem myself.




Functions of English(5):

Advice النصيحة
Asking for Advice: Giving Advice:                                          
  • What should I do ?
  • What do you think I should do ?
  • What would you do if you were in my place?
  • If I were you , I would………….
  • You should……………….
  • You ought to ………………….
  • I don’t think you should ………….


 Functions in Context
       Random Examples:
  • If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this old computer.
  • Why don't you stay at home and watch TV?
  • You'd better go to bed early.
  • You ought to revise your lessons regularly.
  • If you take my advice, you'll tell your parents the truth.
  • You should drive slowly in town.
  • It might be a good idea to put on your coat. It's cold outside.
  • You should consider taking the keys before you leave.

       Declining Giving Advice:
  • I don't know what to advise, I'm afraid.
  • I wish I could suggest something, but I can't.
  • I wish I could help.
  • I'm afraid I can't really help you. I have the same problem myself.



Functions of English(4):
Regret
Expressing Regret:    Examples:                               

If only + sbj + had + past participle


  • If only I had not immigrated
  • If only I had stayed among my family
Sbj + wish + sbj + had + past participle
  • I wish I had not immigrated
  • I wish I had stayed among my family




Functions of English(3):


Complaint/Apology
Complaining Apologizing                                                           
  • I have a complaint to make. ..............
  • I'm sorry to say this but.................
  • I want to complain about...................
  • I'm afraid I've got a complaint about...............
  • I'm angry about................

  • I do apologize for......
  • I must apologize for .....
  • I am so sorry for ....
  • I shouldn't have...........
  • It's all my fault.
  • I'm ashamed of.....
  • Please, forgive me for......
  • I'm terribly sorry for....
  • Pardon me for this........
  • Please, forgive me for my......
  • Please, accept my apologies for......




Functions of English(2):
Clarification
Expressing Lack of Understandin Asking for Clarification                               
  • I didn’t understand
  • I can’t understand
  • I don’t quite follow you
  • I ‘m not sure I got your point
  • I can’t get your idea

  • What do you mean ?
  • Could /can you be more explicit ?
  • Would you clarify that , please ?


 Functions in Context
       Asking for Clarification:
Formal
  • Excuse me. What was that again?
  • Pardon me. Would you mind repeating that    
  • Pardon me. Could you repeat that please?
  • I beg your pardon.  Would you mind repeating that?
  • I’m sorry.  I didn’t get the last part.
  • May I interrupt?   Could you say that again please?
Informal
  • What? I didn’t catch that.
  • What did you say? I didn’t get the last part.
  • Huh? (impolite) You lost me.
  • I didn’t get that. Can you make yourself clear?
  • I am completely in the dark.


Giving Clarification and checking for understanding.
Formal
  • I mean that......
  • What I mean is that....
  • Does that make sense to you?
  • Am I making sense?
  • Am I clear enough?
  • Do you get that?
  • Have I made myself clear?
  • Do you see what I mean?
  • Do you understand so far?
  • Are you following me?

Informal
  • Did you catch that?
  • Do you understand?           
  • Is that clear now?            
  • Right?
  • Okay, so far?                       
  • Did you get that?     
  • Got it?     





Functions of English(1):
Expressing Request
Making Request                                  Responding to Request                              
  • Can you open the door?
  • Will you open the door?
  • Would you open the door?
  • Could you open the door?
  • would you mind opening the door?
  • Do you mind opening the door
    • Of course
    • Sure
    • Certainly
    • Sorry, I can’t
    • I ‘m afraid I can’t 



     Functions in Context
           Making Requests:
    •  Can you close that door, please?
    • Will you turn down that radio, please?
    • Could you possibly give me that red pen over there?
    • Would you bring me a glass of water please?
    • Would you like to put that case on the reception desk, please?!
    • Would you mind sending these letters for me, please?!



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